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When it comes to securing your property, the first line of physical defence comes in the form of locks and keys. You need to take the necessary security measures to prevent intruders from entering your property and causing you harm in any way such as by theft, damage, or arson.
Although traditional locks and keys have been used for as long as we can remember, times are now changing and an update is due in terms of ease of use and better security.
Property owners, both residential and commercial, are moving on to more advanced systems called access control systems that provide access through a door after the user’s credentials, in the form of a code, key card, key fob, Bluetooth, biometrics, or smartphone, have been verified by the system.
They are installed with electronic locks connected to the system and allow you to manage your facilities more effectively, from door opening to the flow of people.
There are several types of access control systems that, although all work to manage access within an organisation, do so in different ways.
They include:
- Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
- Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
To choose the best one for your property, you must understand how they work and integrate with your day-to-day operations.
In this article, we will focus on Mandatory Access Control (MAC), its advantages and disadvantages, uses, examples, and much more. Read on to find out:
HOW ACCESS CONTROL WORKS
An access control system is made up of the following components:
- Door hardware
- Electronic locks
- Door readers
- Credentials
- Control panel and software
- Users
- System administrators
Access control works by giving the users access within a building based on their established credentials in the form of a code, key card, key fob, biometrics, or a smartphone.
The credentials are presented to the door reader that is connected to a network. Every authorised user in the system has their credentials fed into the system to use for verification when they request access.
The system recognises the credentials and the users are granted access into the building. The control panel and software used to verify the credentials also track who enters and exits the building and sends alerts to the system administrators every time an attempt is made to access the system, both successful as well as failed attempts.
Following are some of the most common types of access control authentication methods:
- Keypad
- Key cards
- Key fobs
- Biometrics
- Mobile-based access control
BENEFITS OF ACCESS CONTROL
Here are all the benefits provided by access control systems to both residential and commercial property owners:
No more worrying about keys
Although traditional keys have been used to safeguard assets and properties since the Ancient Egyptian and Babylonian eras, they come with their fair share of drawbacks.
Considering how evolved criminals are these days with state-of-the-art tools at their disposal, there’s no wonder that it’s time to move on to more advanced locking mechanisms and ditch physical metal keys entirely.
Not only are they the most commonly lost and stolen items in the world, but can also be easily copied and are very difficult to manage, especially if your property has many access points and users.
With modern access control systems, you can eliminate the need for physical keys and make your property more secure and accessible for authorised individuals.
Keep track of who’s coming and going
Unless you have a guard stationed 24/7 at every access point on your property which, let’s be honest, is not very feasible, there is no way to keep track of who is coming in and going out of your property.
With access control systems, this issue is dealt with superbly since the systems are automated and everything is logged in
You can know which user accessed which door and when, and that can be incredibly useful in case of an accident or incident such as theft or intrusion.
In addition to that, it helps business owners keep a check on their employees’ attendance and sends alerts in case an employee is somewhere they shouldn’t be.
Reduce theft and safety threats
All properties have valuable assets and information that they would like to keep secure and away from the wrong hands.
Access control systems limit access to areas of the property that contain these valuable assets and information and help secure them from unauthorised access.
They can also be useful in cordoning off areas that hold dangerous or hazardous equipment, such as in a commercial or industrial property, and every time someone tries to access them, the system administrators are alerted.
They can also be integrated to allow access to users within multiple buildings in different areas, such as large organisations and multi-site businesses.
TYPES OF ACCESS CONTROL
There are three main types of access control based on whom you want to assign access permissions to and how you intend to manage them.
It is important to understand that although all three are types of access control, not all of them will be the best fit for your property. For instance, a large property with several users and valuable assets will need a more stringent process than a low-risk small property with just a handful of users.
The three types of access control include:
Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
A Discretionary Access Control (DAC) system is unique as it gives control over the access right and permissions for the users to the property owners instead of the security experts.
This, however, requires the property owners to have full knowledge of the security policies and system best practices in order to be able to diligently carry out their duties.
It holds the property owners responsible for deciding which users will be given access to which areas of the property, making it the least restrictive compared to other systems.
Since DAC gives the end-users complete control to set the security level permissions for other users, it is not the most secure and, although convenient and easy to manage, is suitable only for small premises with one or two entry points.
Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) is a non-discretionary access control system where one person is given complete authority to establish and reinforce guidelines, as well as assign access permissions to all the users in the system. This person usually is one with decision-making authority, such as the Chief Security Officer.
MAC is generally considered the most secure option used in organisations with an increased emphasis on security and data confidentiality, such as military and scientific sites.
It has strict protocols when it comes to access permissions, where only the owner and system administrator are given access control, not the end-user.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
A Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) system restricts access to users and assigns different levels of permissions based on their role within an organisation.
It is one of the most commonly implemented access control systems, both in homes and businesses. It is perfect for commercial settings such as offices where the employees are given access permissions based on their job description and role in the organisation’s hierarchy.
The access permissions are assigned by the system administrators and are strictly based on the limitations defined by the users’ job responsibilities.
MANDATORY ACCESS CONTROL (MAC): DEFINITION
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) refers to a non-discretionary system that provides the highest level of security and the most restrictive protections.
It reserves control over the access policies and permissions to a centralised security administration, where the end-users have no say and cannot change them to access different areas of the property.
It grants access based on a need-to-know basis and delivers a higher level of security compared to Discretionary Access Control (DAC).
The access rules and permissions are manually defined by the system administrators and are strictly enforced by the users, who cannot alter them under any circumstances.
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) has a wide range of uses in different sectors and industries and can provide a secure system without the need for constant supervision.
These systems are best used in high-risk properties with confidential data and information such as government buildings, healthcare facilities, banks and financial institutions, and military projects.
MANDATORY ACCESS CONTROL (MAC): ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Following are the advantages of using mandatory access control:
- Most secure: these systems provide a high level of protection, leave no room for data leaks, and are the most secure compared to the other two types of access control.
- Centralised control: the access permissions and policies are determined by centralised security administration with no room for changes and adjustments made by the end-users.
- Privacy: the data is set manually by the system administrator and no one other than them can make changes to the system and user categories.
Following are the disadvantages of using mandatory access control:
- Detailed initial set-up: MAC systems must be carefully set up otherwise it can make implementation difficult and chaotic. Everything needs to be well-thought-out, keeping in mind any future changes that may be required.
- Regular updates: the system is set up manually by the system administrators and requires regular updating when new users are added or old ones are deleted.
- Lack of flexibility: due to the strictly centralised control, MAC systems are not the most flexible and it can be a rather tedious task to create an access control list that won’t create any issues later on.
HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT ACCESS CONTROL?
When it comes to choosing the right access control, there is a no “one size fits all” approach. The selection depends on several factors and you need to choose one that suits your unique needs and requirements.
If you are looking for flexibility and ease of use, go for a Discretionary Access Control (DAC) system. For maximum security, a Mandatory Access Control (MAC) system would be best. If you want a balance of security and ease of use, you may consider Role-Based Access Control (RBAC).
Some factors to consider include the nature of your property, the number of users on the system, and the existing security procedures within the organisation. Here are a few basic questions that you must ask yourself before making the decision:
Who will manage the system?
Before investing in an access control system for your property, the owners and managers need to decide who will manage the system and help put operational policies into place. This responsibility must cover all aspects of the system including protocols to follow when hiring recruits, firing employees, and activating and deactivating user access privileges.
How many areas need access control?
Identifying the areas that need access control is necessary since it would determine the size and complexity of the system. Some areas may be more high-risk than others and require added security in the form of two-factor authentication.
How many users are on the system?
The number of users is an important aspect since it would set the foundation for the type of system along with the level of security required. For smaller organisations with few employees, a DAC system would be a good option, whereas a larger organisation with many users would benefit more from an RBAC system.
What level of security is required?
Determining the level of security is a crucial part of choosing the right access control type since they all differ in terms of the level of control, management, and strictness. A MAC system would be best suited for a high-risk, high-security property due to its stringent processes.
Which authentication method would work best?
There are several authentication methods for access control systems, including access cards, key fobs, keypads, biometrics, and mobile access control. Deciding which one is suitable for your needs depends on the level of security you require, the size of the property, and the number of users.
Which functions and integrations are required?
Access control systems come with a range of functions such as access reporting, real-time notifications, and remote monitoring via computer or mobile. You must select the features your property requires and have a custom-made solution for your needs. Access control can also be integrated with other security systems such as burglar alarms, CCTV systems, and fire alarms to provide a more comprehensive security solution.
How scalable is the system?
It’s always good to think ahead. When choosing an access control system, it is best to think about future growth and business outlook for the next 5 to 10 years. A flexible and scalable system would allow the system to accommodate growth in terms of the property size and number of users.
CONTACT CALDER SECURITY
Calder Security provides complete access control system services for homes and businesses that include professional installation, maintenance, and repair.
We’ve been working in the security industry since 1976 and partner with only the best brands. Our MLA approved locksmiths can advise you on the best type of system for your property by helping you assess your security needs and requirements.
Because an access control system operates the locking and unlocking mechanism of your door, installation must be completed properly by someone with detailed knowledge of how these systems work.
We are SSAIB approved installers and can work with all types of access control systems including intercom, proximity fob, card swipe, and keypad. We also offer biometric systems that use fingerprints or retina scans.
Access control systems are very reliable and will last a long time. But like any technology, they require periodic maintenance to continue working as they should.
We conduct annual servicing to keep your system working well and give it a full check including checking the battery strength, power supply, and connections. That way you won’t get any nasty surprises further down the line.
While generally very reliable, sometimes problems may occur with access control systems that can potentially compromise the security of your property.
Common issues include simple wear and tear or faults with the power supply or batteries, and to preserve the security of your property, you need to get the problems fixed ASAP.
We operate a 24-hour emergency service run by qualified security specialist engineers who understand access systems and can resolve issues efficiently and effectively.
Contact us here or call us on 0800 612 9799 for a quick consultation and quote for our state-of-the-art access control systems that are right for your property!
Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash